DISCLAIMER:
This product is sold strictly for laboratory research purposes only. It is not intended for human consumption or medical use. By purchasing, you agree to use this product in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. Peptide Fountain assumes no responsibility for misuse, and reserves the right to deny sale to any individual suspected of improper use.

Mechanism of Action (Key Science)

KPV is interesting because it works independently of melanocortin receptors (so no tanning/appetite effects).

1. NF-κB Inhibition (Primary Mechanism)

• Blocks activation of NF-κB, a major inflammation “master switch”
• Prevents transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines
• Reduces:
  • TNF-α
  • IL-1β
  • IL-6
  • IL-8

👉 This is the same pathway targeted by many anti-inflammatory drugs.

2. Cytokine & Immune Modulation

• Decreases pro-inflammatory signaling
• May increase anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10
• Reduces neutrophil and macrophage activation

3. Inflammasome + Oxidative Stress Effects

• Downregulates IL-1β / IL-18 (inflammasome pathway)
• Reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS)

4. PepT1 Transport (Unique Feature)

• Uses intestinal peptide transporter (PepT1) for uptake
• This is why it shows oral activity in gut models (rare for peptides)